Bojun Liu , Kyungsik Kim

DOI:10.46695/ASCS.2.2.1

Abstract

PURPOSE This study was to explore and describe the structural relationships between spectator motivation, spectator constraint, team identity, spectator satisfaction and behavioral intention in the context of Chinese sport leagues. METHOD The participants were spectators who come from soccer and basketball. In two CSL and two CBA field investigations, a total of 900 questionnaires were issued, and 828 valid questionnaires were finally recovered, with a recovery rate of 92%. The collected data was analyzed by CFA, correlation analysis, multigroup comparison and equation structural model analysis. RESULT First, spectating motivation, spectating satisfaction, team identity had a significant positive effect on behavioral intention. Second, spectating motivation, spectating satisfaction had a significant positive effect on team identity while spectating constraint had no significantly effect on identity. Third, spectating motivation had a significant effect on spectating satisfaction while spectating constraint had no significant effect on spectating satisfaction. Forth, spectating constraint had a significant negative effect on behavioral intention. CONCLUSION In order to revitalize China's spectating sports, Various policies should be established to strengthen the team identity and spectating satisfaction that influences behavioral intention. In addition, policies to strengthen the motivation and to resolve the constraints should be implemented.

Key Words

Chinese sport fan, spectator behavior, behavioral intention

Qiang Zhang , Zhibo Tian , Jianmin Shi , Wangda Guo

DOI:10.46695/ASCS.2.2.2

Abstract

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate a behavioral loyalty model of China Tennis Open spectators and validate the relationships among spectators’’ watching motivation, perceived value, place attachment and behavioral loyalty. METHOD The spectators at the China Tennis Open were targeted as the main research sample. A total of 400 questionnaires were collected. The collected data was analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and significance test of difference. RESULT (1) Motivation has a positive effect on perceived value and place attachment, but the behavioral loyalty is not affected. (2) Perceived value directly influence on behavioral loyalty. (3) Place attachment directly influence on behavioral loyalty. CONCLUSION Motivation has a limited influence on the behavioral loyalty. Place attachment and perceived value are important factors in behavioral loyalty of China Tennis Open spectators. The results of this study provides some practical suggestions for the organization, management of tennis events and a direction for future research.

Key Words

China tennis open, spectators, motivation, perceived value, place attachmen behavioral loyalty

Guoqing Zhang , Jun Li , Chuan Yi

DOI:10.46695/ASCS.2.2.3

Abstract

PURPOSE This study analyzes the structure of innovative work behavior of PE teachers in primary and middle schools and creates a scale for assessing the innovative work behavior of PE teachers in primary and middle schools. METHOD In this study, questionnaires were combined literature analysis and behavioral event interview. The questionnaire was used for three surveys, and the number of valid questionnaires was 104, 232 and 267 respectively. The reliability and validity of the scale were tested. RESULT The innovative work behavior of PE teachers in primary and middle schools includs three factors: the innovative idea generation, the innovative idea promotion, and the innovative idea realization, and the cumulative explanatory variance of the three factors is 71.631%. The innovative work behavior scale of physical education teachers in primary and secondary schools has good internal consistency reliability, retest reliability, content validity, and structure validity. CONCLUSION The innovative work behavior of PE teachers in primary and middle schools is a multi-dimensional structure composed of three factors. The scale used in this study can be an effective tool to evaluate the innovative work behavior of PE teachers in primary and middle schools.

Key Words

Physical education, innovative work behavior, idea generation, promotion, realization

Qiwei Yang , Xin Qi , Shihao Huang , Chuan Yi , Yinggang Chen

DOI:10.46695/ASCS.2.2.4

Abstract

PURPOSE The main purpose of this study is to test the structural relationship between motivation, involvement, satisfaction and loyalty of university basketball participants in China. METHOD The study took the participants of basketball clubs from five universities in Hunan Province as the subject. 846 questionnaires were collected and 800 were used in this study. SPSS24 and AMOS were used for this research. RESULT The results show that the motivation of basketball club’s participants has a significant positive impact on involvement, satisfaction and loyalty; Involvement has a significant positive effect on satisfaction and loyalty; Satisfaction has significant positive influence to loyalty. Finally, involvement and satisfaction can play a partial mediating role between motivation and loyalty. CONCLUSION This study verifies the structural relationship between motivation, involvement, satisfaction and loyalty of Chinese college basketball club participants. Motivation is the most important factor affecting participants’ loyalty, while involvement has the least impact on participants’ satisfaction and loyalty. Consequently, the PE management staff in university should attach more importance the motivation of participants in order to attract more students to participate in basketball activity and maintain their interests.

Key Words

Hunan province, participants, motivation, involvement, satisfaction, loyalty